Lev Vygotsky
Scaffolding & the ZPD
Teach in the gap between 'I can do it alone' and 'I can do it with a little help' — then fade the help.
Principles
- The zone is always moving. Yesterday's assist is today's independent work
- Help with questions and hints, not takeover
- Too easy = boredom. Too hard = shame. Slightly-too-hard = growth
- Works for feelings and social skills, not only puzzles
How
Find the two edges
Ask: what can they already do unassisted? What can they do if you hold the seat? That strip of road is the lesson.
Prompt, don't perform
What shape might fit here? Have you tried turning it? Let's take a breath together. Then wait. Waiting is instruction.
Fade on purpose
Hand-over-hand becomes a fingertip becomes a look becomes 'you go.' Name the fade so they feel the competence landing.
What to say
Puzzle frustration
Try: You've got the corners. Which piece has a straight edge like this side?
Avoid: Here, it goes there. See? Easy.
Emotional flood
Try: Your face looks tight. Let's name it: frustrated. Breathe with me twice. Then we pick the next move.
Avoid: Calm down. There's nothing to cry about.